A modified sensitive palladium-copper oxide and multiwalled carbon nanotubes electrochemical sensor for detection of ametridione pesticide

Glassy carbon electrode modified sensitive Pd-CuO/MWCNTs electrochemical nanosensor was used for detection of ametridione pesticide in water samples. The morphology characteristics of Pd-CuO/MWCNTs are examined by scanning electron microscopy and EDX. The ametridione pesticide under voltammetric investigation involves irreversible, 4e? electron reduction based on the protonation of the two carbonyl groups (>C=O). The voltammetric method was applied for the detection of ametridione in BR buffer solution at pH 5.0 as a supporting electrolyte. The detection limit, limit of quantification and concentration ranges of the proposed method were 0.0796 ?g?mL?1 (signal/noise=3), 0.5560 ?g?mL?1 and 0.1 to 10.0 ?g?mL?1, respectively. The electrochemical sensor was successfully applied for the detection of ametridione in tap, agricultural run-off and river water samples showing >98% mean recoveries.   &nbsp

INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN FCV TOBACCO ( NICOTIANA TABACUM ) GROWN UNDER IRRIGATED ALFISOLS

Not AvailableTobacco yield loss due to weed competition is the most important factor that causes yield and quality reduction. Due to the scarcity of human labour, manual weeding is becoming difficult in tobacco. In situations where manual weeding and intercultural operations are not done on time due to adverse soil and weather conditions use of herbicides is the obvious choice in FCV tobacco weed management. Hence, this study was proposed by inclusion of herbicides in weed management in FCV tobacco under irrigated alfisols. The field experiment was conducted in RBD with 10 treatments viz.1. Pre-plant soil incorporation (PPI) of Pendimethalin 3 days before planting + Quizalofop-ethyl 30 DAP 2. PPI of Pendimethalin 3 days before planting + Quizalofop-ethyl 75 days after planting(DAP) 3. Post emergence application (PEA) of Quizalofop-ethyl at 15 DAP 4. PEA of Quizalofop-ethyl at 60 DAP 5. PEA of Quizalofopethyl at 75 DAP 6. PEA of Quizalofop-ethyl at 15 + 75 DAP 7. PEA of Quizalofop-ethyl at 60 + 90 DAP 8. PEA of Quizalofop-ethyl at 75 + 125 DAP 9. Weed free check 10. Un weeded check integrated with inercultural operations and replicated thrice. Statistically lower weed dry matter production was recorded wherever herbicide application was done at 30, 60, 90 days of planting and at harvest in tobacco. Spraying of Quizalofop-ethyl at 15+75 days after planting effectively controlled the grassy weeds and also gave higher yields when compared to weed free check. Leaf Reducing sugars, nicotine and Chlorides were well within the desirable limits. Integrated weed management practices could not influenced the soil chemical properties significantly. Two post emergence sprays of Quizalofop-ethyl @ 60 g a.i./ha at 15 and 75 DAP can be used in integrated weed management along with intercultures to control monocot weeds which are dominant in the irrigated alfisols.Not Availabl

A three-phase heuristic approach for reverse logistics network design incorporating carbon footprint

Reverse logistics (RL) is emerging as a significant area of activity for business and industry, motivated by both commercial profitability and wider environmental sustainability factors. However, planning and implementing an appropriate RL network within existing supply chains for product recovery that increases customer satisfaction, decreases overall costs, and provides a competitive advantage over other companies is complex. In the current study, we developed a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for a reverse logistics network design (RLND) in a multi-period setting. The RL network consists of collection centres, capacitated inspection and remanufacturing centres and customer zones to serve. Moreover, the model incorporates significant characteristics such as vehicle type selection and carbon emissions (through transportation and operations). Since the network design problems are NP-hard, we first propose a solution approach based on Benders decomposition (BD). Then, based on the structure of the problem we propose a three-phase heuristic approach. Finally, to establish the performance and robustness of the proposed solution approach, the results are compared with benchmark results obtained using CPLEX in terms of both solution quality and computational time. From the computational results, we validated that the three-phase heuristic approach performs superior to the BD and Branch &Cut approach

Synthesis and spectral studies of Pt(II) complexes with 2,3-disubstituted quinazoline-(3H)-4-ones

970-971A number of platinum(II) complexes of bidentate O-O and O – N donors, 2,3-disubstituted quinazoline-(3H)-4-ones, have been synthesized and characterized. The reaction between PtCl2 and the uninegative bidentate ligands yield complexes of the type [Pt(L – L)2], whereas the neutral bidentate ligands give [Pt(L – L)2]Cl2. The complexes are assigned square-planer structures

A double suzuki approach for synthesis of substituted diarylmethylidenefluorenes

A convenient synthesis of substituted diarylmethylidenefluorene derivatives, using a double Suzuki reaction, is reported

Multi-period green reverse logistics network design : an improved Benders-decomposition-based heuristic approach

There has been extensive academic research on the optimisation of reverse logistics (RL) and closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network design. However, the existing literature is lacking in several features of practical relevance, and the simultaneous consideration of dynamic characteristics, including the multi-period setting, inventory factors, environmental footprints, and scalability of the application. This shortcoming is primarily due to the challenges associated with computation complexity, mathematical formulation, and the need for a faster solution method to solve such large-scale problems in real-time. In this research, we address these challenges and investigate the multi-facility green RL network design problem, integrating carbon footprint and vehicle selection, entailing allocation between the facilities in the multi-period setting to incorporate the dynamic characteristics. We formulate a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to minimise the total cost, comprising the carbon emission cost due to transport and production at the facilities. We also investigate the effects of carbon emissions and the choice of the vehicle fleet on the network's structure. The novelty of our research lies in the development and application of an exact solution method, namely “Improved Benders Decomposition (IBD)” with several algorithmic enhancements, including a strengthened master problem, valid inequalities, a heuristic, and a multi-stage strategy to accelerate the convergence of the Benders decomposition method. By combining these elements, the proposed IBD solves the MILP model, provides a faster solution methodology with improved convergence of the bounds, and addresses the inherent intractability of the existing problem. We apply our proposed heuristic on a set of 12 problem configurations under distinct scenarios. We show that the proposed IBD heuristic outperforms existing traditional methods in terms of solution quality, computational time, and robustness

Not Available

Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted for 3 consecutive seasons (2010–2013) at Jeelugumilli, Andhra Pradesh to assess the yield potential, leaf quality and nutrient-use efficiency of flue-cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) genotypes grown in irrigated Alfisols in relation to N and K management. Results showed that FCV tobacco cv. ‘Kanchan’ and hybrid ‘CH-1’ were on par with regard to yield and grade index. Graded rates of N and K application caused progressive and significant increase in green leaf, cured leaf and grade index. Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) produced significantly higher cured leaf yield by 13.0, 45.8 and 193.8% and grade index by 14.1, 53.7 and 224.4%, when compared to 80, 40 and 0 kg N/ha respectively. RDF produced significantly higher cured leaf yield by 2.69, 8.52 and 26.5% and grade index by 5.80, 16.8 and 43.1% when compared to 66.4, 33.2 and 0 kg K/ha respectively. The leaf chemical quality parameters viz. nicotine, reducing sugars, reducing sugars/nicotine ratio and chlorides showed changes in response to N and K rates and were within the acceptable limits. The mean total N uptake ranged from 12.9 to 73.5 and mean K uptake ranged from 30.6 to 81.5 kg/ha. Total N and K uptake was marginally higher in cv. ‘Kanchan’ (3.63%) and ‘CH-1’ (4.14%), respectively. In the total 52.2 kg/ha of N uptake, proportion of N accumulation in leaf, stem and root was 54, 25.4 and 20.7% respectively. In the total 61.5 kg/ha K uptake, proportion of K accumulated in leaf, stem and root was 73.4, 17.6 and 9.0% respectively. Agronomic-use efficiency, physiological efficiency, internal efficiency, partial factor productivity and recovery efficiency were higher at lower levels of N and K and decreased with increase in their levels. Nutrient harvest index (translocation index) for N and K almost remained same with increase in N and K level. Both cv. ‘Kanchan’ and hybrid ‘CH-1’ performed on par and would require 120–26.2–99.6kg N-P-K/ha when grown after sunnhemp in situ green manure for getting optimum productivity, better grade index with acceptable chemical quality parameters, optimum nutrient-uptake and nutrient use-efficiencies under irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableTobacco yield loss due to weed competition is the most important factor that causes yield and quality reduction. Due to the scarcity of human labour, manual weeding is becoming difficult in tobacco. In situations where manual weeding and intercultural operations are not done on time due to adverse soil and weather conditions use of herbicides is the obvious choice in FCV tobacco weed management. Hence, this study was proposed by inclusion of herbicides in weed management in FCV tobacco under irrigated Alfisols. The field experiment was conducted in RBD with 10 treatments viz.1. Pre-plant soil incorporation (PPI) of Pendimethalin 3 days before planting + Quizalofop-ethyl 30 DAP 2. PPI of Pendimethalin 3 days before planting + Quizalofop-ethyl 75 days after planting(DAP) 3. Post emergence application (PEA) of Quizalofop-ethyl at 15 DAP 4. PEA of Quizalofop-ethyl at 60 DAP 5. PEA of Quizalofopethyl at 75 DAP 6. PEA of Quizalofop-ethyl at 15 + 75 DAP 7. PEA of Quizalofop-ethyl at 60 + 90 DAP 8. PEA of Quizalofop-ethyl at 75 + 125 DAP 9. Weed free check 10. Un weeded check integrated with inercultural operations and replicated thrice. Statistically lower weed dry matter production was recorded wherever herbicide application was done at 30, 60, 90 days of planting and at harvest in tobacco. Spraying of Quizalofop-ethyl at 15+75 days after planting effectively controlled the grassy weeds and also gave higher yields when compared to weed free check. Leaf reducing sugars, nicotine and chlorides were well within the desirable limits. Integrated weed management practices could not influenced the soil chemical properties significantly. Two post emergence sprays of Quizalofop-ethyl @ 60 g a.i./ha at 15 and 75 DAP can be used in integrated weed management along with intercultures to control monocot weeds which are dominant in the irrigated Alfisols.Not Availabl